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Houses for the colliers were built around the pit which dominated their lives.

When this picture was taken, Ryton was a pit village in County Durham with no less than five working pits in the immediate vicinity.

This is the Lower Ninestones china clay pit, with waste being hauled up inclines to older flat-topped tips on the left and newer 'sky tips' on the right.

Even in the late 18th century there were ninety pits in the Forest, with a combined annual output of about 100,000 tons of coal.

To the east of the High Street there were several chalk pits: this was the biggest. It lies to the south of Carshalton Road, and east of the Congregational Church.

Langley Park is a pit village just off the road between Lanchester and Durham. The road to the left goes to Quebec and Cornsay Colliery.

There has been a ferry at Farndon for centuries; these days the village offers river users extensive facilities, including a large marina created out of some old gravel pits.

The garderobe pits - the medieval toilets - are shown on the foreground, with the stone and flint walls of the tower behind.

In 1960 Ryhope was still very much a pit village, with its own colliery. In 1967 Ryhope, along with Silksworth, East Herrington, South Hylton, and Castletown, was incorporated into Sunderland.

One of its more interesting features is what is thought to be an ancient beheading pit.

When the mining industry was nationalised in 1947, there were 127 active pits in County Durham employing 108,000 mineworkers.

Annfield Plain, to the north-west of Durham, was one of several towns to attract industrial development as the number of active pits declined.

In 1954 the NCB sank its first pit in the country at Lea Hall, Rugeley. The colliery opened in July 1960; most of its output went by conveyor direct to nearby Rugeley, a power station.

Fern Pit, at the mouth of the Gannel, was owned by generations of Northeys, who also ran the ferry to Crantock, which is in the background on the other side of Crantock Beach.

Modern buildings have crowded in along the northern part of Betchworth's long village street, but the line of the North Downs and the big chalk pit remain much the same, although the downs are far more

China clay from the St Austell pits was brought to the harbour by trains, which carried coal for the gasworks on the return journey.

The garderobe pits—the medieval toilets—are shown on the foreground, with the stone and flint walls of the tower behind.

All along the Nene valley hereabouts are flooded iron ore pits, some of which have been turned into fishing or boating lakes.

The ornately designed building is a vivid reminder of the days, long before the television and video age, when every town in the country had a picture house, or 'flea pit' as they were sometimes known.

It is just over forty years after photograph No 55427, and doubtless the inspection pits are not quite the selling point they once were!

In 1954 the NCB sank its first pit in the country at Lea Hall, Rugeley.The colliery opened in July 1960; most of its output went by conveyor direct to nearby Rugeley, a power station.

Eastry was home to many miners who worked down the east Kent pits. The mother of the actress Susan Hampshire once lived here too.

It was once one of Farnham's hop- growing villages, and poles for the bines can be seen on the far left.

The village is noted for its granite quarries, which furnished stone for the Duke of Wellington's sarcophagus in St Paul's Cathedral.