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When lead was discovered in Weardale, the mining rights were granted to the bishops of Durham; by the 13th century, mining, smelting and charcoal burning and so on were on a large scale for the period.

It did not, however, stop them from burning it to the ground in 1215 and 1217.

The following year, Hertford was back in Scotland, burning five market towns, sacking 243 villages, and laying waste to crops. Edward VI of England was destined not marry the Queen of Scots.

left) is now Clarks, Radio House (next door but one) is now Dixon's, and Woolworth's have totally replaced the buildings beyond, the Red Lion (there is a commemorative plaque inside the store) and Joan Burns

Burne-Jones (1833-1898), a frequent visitor to the manor, is said to have painted a piano there.

Note the building and heaps of lime in the foreground of the picture - Middleton Dale was once the site of many lime-burning kilns.

The factory burned down in 1963.

As Bishop of London during the reign of Mary Tudor, he earned the name 'Bloody Bonner' for his part in sending so many Protestants to be burned at the stake.

This could have come from pyres on which bodies were placed, or perhaps from burning autumn stubble.

Famous as the birthplace of John Macadam in 1756 and of Robert Burns in 1759, Ayr was founded under a charter granted by William the Lion. This view looks towards the New Brig and Main Street.

The Scots failed, but for centuries afterwards traces of the burning could still be seen.

Mercifully, some might say, it burned down in 1926. A new Memorial Theatre opened in 1932, incorporating surviving parts of its predecessor. It was renamed the Royal Shakespeare Theatre in 1961.

A quay has been constructed in front of Quay House on the left, where there appears to be a good fire burning in the grate. In the background is the Royal Arms Hotel.

Following the burning of Rye in 1377 and of Winchelsea in 1380, Bodiam Castle was built in 1385 because of the imminent threat of invasion by the French.

Further up the road is the Victorian parish church, which replaced one of 1791 which itself replaced the medieval one, apparently burned down in the Civil War.

The church's most famous vicar was John Frankish, one of the martyrs of 1555 burned at the stake in Canterbury.

They failed, but for centuries afterwards the traces of the burning could still be seen.

In case of fire, there were very long rakes which could remove the burning roof.

The halfpenny toll on the original Blackfriars Bridge caused riots, and in 1780 angry protesters burned down the toll-house.After a succession of expensive repairs a replacement was suggested, and

The Scots failed, but for centuries afterwards traces of the burning could still be seen.

Walmgate has been burned and bombarded with cannon fire, and there was an attempt to undermine it using gunpowder during the siege of York in 1644.

The cyclist on the extreme right is about to pass the Hippodrome cinema, which burned down in October 1955.

In 1689 most of the town was again burned to the ground when another fire swept through it. As a result, very few houses seen in the town today were built before the 17th century.

The chapel is one of the oldest in the country; the remains of its walls are 2ft 6ins thick, bonded with immensely strong mortar made by burning sea-shells – this method was used by the Romans.