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They sacked a number of towns, including Durham and Hartlepool, while Robert reduced England's Scottish possessions to a handful of fortresses.

The Circus, in the town centre, is where five roads meet. It has the usual mixture of banks and public houses on its corners.

This junction of two streets marks the site of the former market place, with the stolid red-brick White Lion, on the extreme right, and the King of Prussia pub along the road on the left, ready to slake

The Harbour Office dates from 1727; the first floor was extended over the pavement in 1822 to allow for a fire and chimney in the Ballast Master's office above.

An important medieval town, it declined until the early 19th century when the Horncastle Navigation Canal opened, giving access to Lincoln and Boston.

It is one of the late 18th-century settlements which developed on commons and wastes lying on the flat-topped ridgeways, after leases were granted to anyone who wanted to settle there.

A market town since the 13th century, Ulverston became a busy port during the 18th and 19th centuries, exporting slate via the country's shortest canal.

From the beach, the pier's extravagant pavilions suggest something mysterious and exotic, a world away from the industry of the nearby towns.

Rhos-on-Sea was the poorer cousin to nearby Colwyn Bay, yet it still manages an identity of its own.

The town owes its very existence to the building of the Ellesmere Canal (as it was then called) by Thomas Telford and William Jessop in the 1790s.

Dominating the scene is the three-star, forty-one bedroomed Strathclyde Hotel, a substantial building standing on a podium, which provided welcome accommodation for business visitors to the town

Legend relates that the original site for the priory church was on the nearby St Catherine's Hill, a splendid view- point overlooking the town.

This late Victorian scene is typical of many of the towns and villages in England at the time.

The streets are packed with onlookers, and anxious officials wait by the entrance to the site of the new town hall.

Originally with its ground floor open behind the arches, it was left unfinished, amazingly, for over three centuries, and finally completed in 1895.

It was not always quiet on the streets of Penistone; until 1910 cattle and sheep were sold in the streets on Thursdays, and many a deal was struck over a pint or two at the Spread Eagle Hotel.

One early change was the construction of the large building halfway along on the right which is one of the town's two fish- and-chip shops.

In 1905 Swindon was a busy manufacturing town which owed its wealth and commercial rise almost exclusively to the railway age in general and the inspiration of Sir Daniel Gooch in particular, who

The Ulverston Canal was opened in 1796 to connect the town with the Leven Estuary, and to enable trade, both exports and imports, to be increased.

Between 1903 and 1935 Waterlooville and Portsmouth were linked by tram. London Road is not the main road to London any more. Here a few Victorian houses survive, mostly rendered, some with verandahs.

Designed by Charles Barry, the Birmingham and Midland Institute opened in 1856, the foundation stone having been laid by Prince Albert in November 1855.

Northleach was once one of the most prosperous wool towns of the Cotswolds in the 15th century, and an important cross-roads of the Fosse Way and the London-Cheltenham roads.

Since the 18th century, the town has been a centre for the brewing of beer. The breweries used the Wharfe to bring in raw materials and transport finished products.

However, in Victorian times the town became a popular spa, complete with pump room and baths and around 100 lodging houses.